A large population-based study suggests that many women may not be using the most effective medication to manage menstrual pain, with the majority opting for paracetamol despite evidence that ibuprofen often provides better relief from period cramps.
The research, published in PLOS Digital Health, analysed purchasing data linked to menstrual products and painkillers, revealing a significant gap between consumer behaviour and medical guidance on menstrual pain management.
Purchasing patterns reveal clear trend
Researchers examined more than 210 million transactions recorded between 2006 and 2015 through a major UK retail chain’s loyalty card programme in England. The dataset covered approximately 3.4 million customers, offering a rare large-scale insight into how women self-manage period pain.
The analysis showed that nearly two-thirds of painkillers bought alongside menstrual products contained paracetamol, while only around one-third included ibuprofen, despite clinical evidence favouring ibuprofen for menstrual cramps.
Why ibuprofen is often more effective
According to health experts involved in the study, ibuprofen’s effectiveness lies in how it targets the biological cause of menstrual pain.
Menstrual cramps are triggered by prostaglandins—hormone-like chemicals that cause the muscles of the uterus to contract. Ibuprofen reduces the production of these chemicals, helping to ease both inflammation and pain.
Paracetamol, while effective for general pain and fever, primarily works by blocking pain signals in the brain and has minimal anti-inflammatory action, making it less effective for cramps driven by uterine contractions.
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Researchers urge better awareness
Dr. Anya Skatova of the University of Bristol said that while the findings may not represent every demographic group, they highlight an important gap in public understanding of menstrual pain treatment.
Professor James Golding of the University of Nottingham added that menstrual pain is often dismissed as something women must endure, despite the availability of more effective treatment options.
Both researchers stressed the need for better education around menstrual health and pain relief, noting that further research could help improve guidance and access to appropriate treatments.
When period pain may signal a medical issue
Medical experts advise seeking professional advice if menstrual pain becomes severe enough to disrupt daily activities, work, or school.
In some cases, intense or persistent pain may be linked to underlying conditions such as Endometriosis or uterine fibroids, which require medical assessment and targeted treatment.
Experts also caution that ibuprofen is not suitable for everyone, particularly individuals with certain stomach, kidney, or cardiovascular conditions. Women are advised to read medication instructions carefully and consult a doctor or pharmacist before starting or changing pain relief options.
